Wrestling combines strength, agility, and technique to create an adrenaline-pumping sport for athletes and spectators alike. However, like any other contact sport, wrestling comes with the risk of injury. Whether you're a seasoned athlete or just beginning your wrestling journey, understanding common wrestling injuries and how to prevent them is vital for maintaining peak performance and long-term health.

OAA Orthopedic Specialists stand at the forefront of orthopedic care in and around Allentown, PA, offering years of expertise intreating sports-related injuries. Our experienced orthopedic surgeons and sports medicine specialists are dedicated to providing cutting-edge surgical and non-surgical solutions tailored to each athlete's needs.

If you’re dealing with a wrestling injury or want to learn more about preventative care, don't wait to seek professional advice. For immediate guidance, use HURT!, our 24/7 orthopedic injury advice app, or schedule an appointment with our team.

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Here are some of the most common wrestling injuries to be aware of and the steps you can take to avoid them:

1. Sprains & Strains

Wrestling is a physically demanding sport, with intense physical exertion and dynamic movements that can easily lead to sprains and strains. A sprain is an injury to the ligaments, the tough bands of tissue that connect bones and stabilize joints, typically caused by an awkward twist or impact. A strain, on the other hand, affects muscles or tendons and often results from overstretching.

The areas most prone to sprains and strains in wrestlers include the ankles, knees, and shoulder, and wrestlers may experience symptoms such as swelling, bruising, and pain in the affected area, often accompanied by reduced mobility and stiffness. Recognizing these signs early can help athletes get the prompt treatment they need, allowing them to return to the mat with confidence.

2. Concussions

Concussions, a type of traumatic brain injury, are serious injuries that are common in many contact sports, including wrestling. When a wrestler experiences a direct blow to the head, the brain may shift inside the skull, causing bruising, swelling, and other symptoms that can affect physical and cognitive abilities.

Common signs and symptoms may include a headache, dizziness, confusion, memory loss, or balance issues. Some may even experience nausea, sensitivity to light or noise, or feeling foggy or sluggish. Recognizing these symptoms quickly is vital, as continuing to wrestle post-injury can exacerbate the condition.

Concussions should never be taken lightly. If you suspect that someone may have suffered a concussion, seek medical attention immediately. Because a concussion is such a serious injury, coaches, parents, and teammates should be alert and educated about the signs and symptoms.

The long-term impact of a concussion can vary, but often, wrestlers who have sustained one may experience a higher risk of further concussions and other neurological issues. Recovery involves rest and a gradual reintroduction to physical and academic activities guided by a healthcare professional.

3. Shoulder Injuries

The shoulder is susceptible to a range of injuries, including dislocations and rotator cuff tears. These injuries often occur due to the high-impact nature of wrestling, where athletes engage in forceful throws, holds, and stances that exert significant pressure on the shoulder joint.

Dislocations occur when the humerus, or upper arm bone, is forced out of the shoulder socket, typically from a fall or a sudden, powerful impact. Wrestlers are prone to dislocations during takedowns or when they land awkwardly on an outstretched arm. Symptoms include intense pain, an inability to move the shoulder, visible deformity, and swelling.
Rotator Cuff Tears involve damage to the group of muscles and tendons that stabilize the shoulder joint. These tears can result from repetitive overhead movements or acute injuries during grappling or resisting an opponent's hold. Symptoms include a dull ache deep in the shoulder, weakness, difficulty lifting the arm, and limited range of motion.

4. Knee Injuries

Knee injuries are prevalent in wrestling due to the explosive maneuvers and rapid directional changes involved in the sport. Among the most common knee injuries are ACL tears and meniscus injuries, both of which can have significant impacts on an athlete's performance and overall mobility.

ACL Tears happen when the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), which is crucial for stabilizing the knee during movements like pivoting or cutting, is stretched or torn. In wrestling, sudden stops, changes in direction, or missteps can lead to an ACL tear. This injury may cause a loud popping sound, followed by intense pain, swelling, instability, and difficulty bearing weight on the affected leg.
Meniscus Injuries occur when the meniscus, the C-shaped cartilage that cushions and stabilizes the knee joint, is damaged or torn. These injuries often result from sudden twists or pivots, causing sharp pain, swelling, stiffness, and a feeling of locking or catching in the knee.

5. Skin Infections

Skin infections are a frequent concern for young athletes involved in contact sports like wrestling, where close physical contact and shared equipment are common. These infections can be particularly prevalent in high school wrestling, where athletes may have limited access to hygiene facilities.

Ringworm is a fungal infection that appears as a red, circular rash on the skin. Wrestlers can contract ringworms through direct skin-to-skin contact with an infected opponent or contaminated surfaces. The infection typically causes itching, scaling, and a distinct ring-shaped rash.
Impetigo is a bacterial skin infection characterized by red sores that quickly burst and develop honey-colored crusts. This infection can occur when bacteria enter cuts, scrapes, or abrasions common in wrestling. Wrestlers with impetigo experience itching and discomfort, and swift treatment is necessary to prevent spreading.
MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) is a type of staph infection that is resistant to many antibiotics, making it challenging to treat. Wrestlers can contract MRSA through skin contact with an infected person or contaminated surfaces, and symptoms include redness, swelling, and pus-filled abscesses. Prompt medical attention is crucial for preventing serious complications from this infection.

Injuries from wrestling, such as cuts or scrapes, can provide openings for these infections. Young wrestlers should be aware of them as they grapple and roll on mats that might harbor pathogens.

6. Elbow Injuries

Elbow injuries are a common challenge in wrestling. These injuries often occur when a wrestler extends or twists their arm awkwardly during a match, placing significant stress on the elbow joint.

Hyperextension Injuries happen when the elbow is bent beyond its normal range of motion, usually during a fall or when trying to break a fall with an outstretched hand. Wrestlers may experience immediate pain, swelling, and difficulty extending the arm fully.
Tendonitis, often called 'tennis elbow,' can develop from repetitive movements or strikes, causing inflammation and pain on the outer part of the elbow. Wrestlers dealing with tendonitis might notice a dull ache, tenderness, and increased discomfort when gripping objects.
Dislocations happen when the bones of the elbow are forced out of their normal alignment, often from a direct blow or fall. Symptoms include visible deformity, intense pain, and an inability to move the joint. Immediate medical attention is needed to address dislocations properly.

7. Back Injuries

Back injuries are also common in wrestling due to the sport’s intense physical demands and the constant grappling, lifting, and forceful maneuvers involved. Wrestlers often face a variety of back injuries, which can affect their mobility and performance.

Muscle Strains & Sprains often result from overexertion or sudden, awkward movements during matches. Lifting opponents or twisting quickly can lead to tears or overstretching of the muscles and ligaments in the back. Symptoms may include sharp pain, muscle spasms, and stiffness that limit movement.
Herniated Discs occur when the cushion-like discs between the vertebrae are pushed out of their normal position. This can happen due to intense pressure on the spine during wrestling takedowns or repetitive flexing and bending. Wrestlers may feel back pain that radiates to the legs, numbness, or weakness.
Spondylolysis, a stress fracture in one of the vertebrae, is commonly found in young athletes. In wrestling, this can develop over time due to constant hyperextension and stress on the lower back. Signs include back pain that worsens with exercise, stiffness, and occasionally leg pain.

8. Cauliflower Ear

Cauliflower ear is a condition that often affects wrestlers due to repetitive trauma or friction to the outer ear during matches. It develops when the ear suffers a blow or repeated friction, causing blood to pool between the skin and the cartilage. This disruption prevents nutrients from reaching the cartilage, leading to tissue death and the familiar bumpy, misshapen appearance of a 'cauliflower ear.'

Common signs and symptoms include swelling, bruising, and deformity of the ear. The ear may feel tender or painful initially, and if left untreated, the cartilage hardens over time, resulting in a permanent, cauliflower-like shape. Prompt medical attention can prevent permanent changes. Draining the accumulated fluid and applying a pressure dressing can help the ear maintain its natural shape.

Injury Prevention Tips

A proactive approach to injury prevention is essential for wrestlers of all levels. Sports medicine experts recommend these key strategies to stay healthy and reduce the risk of injury:

Proper Warm-Up & Stretching: Warm-ups are a crucial part of any sport or exercise routine. A good warm-up boosts blood flow and prepares muscles and joints for the physical demands of wrestling. Dynamic stretching techniques, like leg swings and arm circles, can help enhance flexibility and reduce an athlete's risk of injury.
Protective Gear: Wearing the right protective gear is critical for preventing wrestling injuries. Headgear helps prevent concussions and cauliflower ear, while knee pads protect against impacts and strains. Ensure that gear is fitted correctly and regularly maintained.
Technique & Form: Learning correct techniques and consistently practicing proper form can help prevent serious injury. Coaches should emphasize safe and effective techniques and discourage risky or reckless maneuvers.
Strength & Conditioning: Strength training plays a significant role in preventing wrestling-related injuries. Incorporate exercises like squats, lunges, and core strengthening into your routine to improve muscular endurance and flexibility.
Good Hygiene Practices: Maintaining hygiene is key to preventing skin infections. Wrestlers should shower immediately after practice, regularly wash their gear, and ensure mats are cleaned frequently to minimize infection risks.
Adequate Rest & Recovery: Rest is crucial for preventing overuse injuries, not just treating them. Wrestlers should listen to their bodies and allow time for recovery, watching for signs like persistent pain or fatigue, which indicate a need for rest.

Speak With a Specialist Today

Wrestling is a physically demanding sport that can lead to a number of different injuries, yet with the right knowledge and prevention strategies, athletes can maintain their performance and reduce risks. OAA Orthopedic Specialists are well-equipped to support wrestlers in staying healthy and at the top of their game.

Don't let injuries sideline you. Reach out toOAA Orthopedic Specialists today to schedule a consultation. Our expert team is dedicated to providing comprehensive sports medicine services tailored to your needs, ensuring you're always ready to compete.